Tataiso ea Tlhahlobo ea Boleng ea Libapali Tse Bonolo

Tlhahlobo ea boleng ba lintho tsa ho bapala tse bonolo ke mohato oa bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso, kaha e netefatsa hore sehlahisoa sa ho qetela se kopana le polokeho, lisebelisoa le litekanyetso tsa ts'ebetso.Tlhahlobo ea boleng ke ea bohlokoa indastering ea lintho tsa ho bapala tse bonolo, kaha lintho tsa ho bapala tse bonolo li atisa ho rekeloa bana 'me li tlameha ho finyella melao e thata ea tšireletso.

Mefuta ea Libapali Tse Bonolo:

Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea lintho tsa ho bapala tse bonolo 'marakeng, ho kenyelletsa lintho tsa ho bapala tse majabajaba, liphoofolo tse pentiloeng, lipopi le tse ling.Lintho tsa ho bapala tse bonojoana ke lintho tsa ho bapala tse bonolo, tse cuddly hangata li entsoe ka lesela 'me li tlatsitsoe ka tlatso e bonolo.Liphoofolo tse pentiloeng li tšoana le lintho tsa ho bapala tse majabajaba empa hangata li etsoa hore li tšoane le liphoofolo tsa sebele.Lipopae ke lintho tsa ho bapala tse bonolo tseo u ka li qhekellang ka matsoho a hao ho etsa hore motho a se ke a sisinyeha.Mefuta e meng ea lipapali tse bonolo e kenyelletsa bana ba beanie, mesamo le tse ling.

Maemo a Tlhahlobo ea Boleng:

Ho na le litekanyetso tse ’maloa tseo lintho tsa ho bapala tse bonolo li lokelang ho li finyella e le hore li nkoe li sireletsehile le tsa boleng bo phahameng.Litekanyetso tsa polokeho bakeng sa libapalisoa tse bonolo li kenyelletsa ASTM (Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Teko le Lisebelisoa) le EN71 (Tekanyetso ea Europe bakeng sa polokeho ea libapalisoa).Litekanyetso tsena li akaretsa litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa polokeho, ho kenyeletsoa lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang, kaho le litlhoko tsa ho ngola.

Lisebelisoa le litekanyetso tsa kaho li netefatsa hore lipapali tse bonolo li entsoe ka thepa ea boleng bo phahameng 'me li hahiloe ka tsela e tiisang hore li tšoarella le ho sireletseha.Ponahalo le maemo a tshebetso a netefatsa hore sehlahiswa sa ho qetela se shebahala se kgahleha mme se sebetsa kamoo se rerilweng kateng.

Tekanyetso ea Tšireletso ea Toy ea ASTM F963 ke Efe?

ASTM F963 ke tekanyetso ea polokeho ea lintho tsa ho bapala eo Mokhatlo oa Amerika o e hlahisitseng bakeng sa Testing and Materials (ASTM).Ke lethathamo la litataiso le litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso bakeng sa libapalisoa tse reretsoeng ho sebelisoa ke bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 14.Tekanyetso e akaretsa mefuta e mengata ea lintho tsa ho bapala, ho kenyeletsoa lipopi, litšoantšiso, lisebelisoa tsa ho bapala, lintho tsa ho bapala le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa lipapali tsa bacha.

Tekanyetso e sebetsana le litaba tse fapaneng tsa polokeho, ho kenyeletsoa likotsi tsa 'mele le tsa mochini, ho cha le likotsi tsa lik'hemik'hale.E boetse e kenyelletsa litlhoko tsa lileibole tsa temoso le litaelo tsa tšebeliso.Sepheo sa tekanyetso ke ho thusa ho netefatsa hore lintho tsa ho bapala li bolokehile hore bana ba ka bapala le tsona le ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho tsoa likotsi kapa lefu ka lebaka la liketsahalo tse amanang le lipapali.

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F963, eo hangata e tsejoang e le "The Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety," ke tekanyetso ea polokeho ea lipapali tse entsoeng ke American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) e sebetsang ho mefuta eohle ea lipapali. ho kena United States.Tataiso ena ea mokhatlo oa machaba oa litekanyetso e bolela hore lintho tsa ho bapala le lintho tsa bana li tlameha ho lumellana le litekanyetso tse khethehileng tsa lik'hemik'hale, tsa mechine le tsa ho cha tse hlalositsoeng ka tlaase mona.

Tlhahlobo ea Mechini ea ASTM F963

ASTM F963 e kenyelletsatlhahlobo ea mochinilitlhoko tsa ho etsa bonnete ba hore lintho tsa ho bapala li bolokehile hore bana ba ka bapala ka tsona.Liteko tsena li etselitsoe ho lekola matla le ho tšoarella ha lintho tsa ho bapala le ho netefatsa hore ha li na mapheo a nchocho, lintlha, le likotsi tse ling tse ka bakang kotsi.Tse ling tsa liteko tsa mochini tse kenyellelitsoeng maemong a tloaelehileng ke:

1. Teko e bohale le ea ntlha: Teko ena e sebelisetsoa ho lekola bohale ba mathōko le lintlha tsa lintho tsa ho bapala.Ntho ea ho bapala e behoa holim'a sebaka se bataletseng, 'me ho sebelisoa matla moeling kapa ntlha.Haeba ntho ea ho bapala e hlōleha tlhahlobo, e tlameha ho hlophisoa bocha kapa ho fetoloa ho felisa kotsi.
2. Teko ea matla a tensile: Teko ena e sebelisetsoa ho lekola matla a lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang linthong tsa ho bapala.Mohlala oa lintho tse bonahalang o tlas'a matla a thata ho fihlela o robeha.Matla a hlokahalang ho pshatla sampole a sebelisoa ho bona hore na thepa e matla hakae.
3. Teko ea matla: Teko ena e sebelisetsoa ho lekola bokhoni ba papali ea ho mamella tšusumetso.Boima bo theoleloa holim'a toy ho tloha bophahamong bo itseng, 'me palo ea tšenyo e bolokiloeng ke toy e hlahlojoa.
4. Teko ea khatello: Teko ena e sebelisetsoa ho lekola bokhoni ba papali ea ho mamella khatello.Mojaro o sebelisoa ho toy ka tsela ea perpendicular, 'me palo ea deformation e tšehetsoeng ke toy e hlahlojoa.

Tlhahlobo ea ho chesa ha ASTM F963

ASTM F963 e kenyelletsa litlhoko tsa tlhahlobo ea ho chesa ho netefatsa hore lintho tsa ho bapala ha li hlahise kotsi ea mollo.Liteko tsena li etselitsoe ho lekola ho chesa ha thepa e sebelisoang linthong tsa ho bapala le ho netefatsa hore lintho tsa ho bapala ha li kenye letsoho ho atang ha mollo.Tse ling tsa liteko tsa ho chesa tse kenyellelitsoeng ho maemo ke:

1. Teko ea ho tuka ha sefahleho: Teko ena e sebelisetsoa ho lekola ho cha ha bokaholimo ba ntho ea ho bapala.Lelakabe le sebelisoa holim'a sebapali ka nako e itseng, 'me ho ata ha lelakabe le matla a tsona lia hlahlojoa.
2. Teko ea likarolo tse nyane tsa ho cha: Teko ena e sebelisetsoa ho lekola ho chesa ha likarolo tse nyane tse ka koalehang papaling.Lelakabe le sebelisoa karolong e nyenyane, 'me lelakabe le hasana le matla li hlahlojoa.
3. Teko e tukang butle: Teko ena e sebelisetsoa ho lekola bokhoni ba papali ea ho hana ho cha ha e siuoa e sa hlokomeloa.Ntho ea ho bapala e behoa ka sebōping ebe e pepesetsoa mochesong o itseng ka nako e itseng—tekanyo eo papali eo e chang ka eona e hlahlojoa.

Tlhahlobo ea Lik'hemik'hale ea ASTM F963

ASTM F963 e kenyelletsatlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'halelitlhoko tsa ho etsa bonnete ba hore lintho tsa ho bapala ha li na lintho tse kotsi tse ka nooang kapa ho hema ke bana.Liteko tsena li etselitsoe ho lekola boteng ba lik'hemik'hale tse itseng linthong tsa ho bapala le ho netefatsa hore ha li fete meeli e boletsoeng.Tse ling tsa liteko tsa lik'hemik'hale tse kenyellelitsoeng maemong a tloaelehileng ke:

1. Teko ea litaba tse ka sehloohong: Teko ena e sebelisetsoa ho lekola boteng ba loto linthong tsa ho bapala.Loto ke tšepe e chefo e ka ntšang bana kotsi haeba e ka nooa kapa e ka hema.Tekanyo ea loto e teng papaling e lekanngoa ho tiisa hore ha e fete tekanyo e lumelletsoeng.
2. Teko ea litaba tsa Phthalate: Teko ena e sebelisetsoa ho lekola boteng ba li-phthalates linthong tsa ho bapala.Li-phthalates ke lik'hemik'hale tse sebelisetsoang ho etsa hore polasetiki e be bonolo haholoanyane, empa e ka ntša bana kotsi ha e ka nooa kapa ea hema.Palo ea li-phthalates papaling e lekantsoe ho netefatsa hore ha e fete moeli o lumelletsoeng.
3. Teko e felletseng ea "volatile organic compound" (TVOC): Teko ena e sebelisetsoa ho lekola boteng ba metsoako ea lintho tse phelang (VOCs) linthong tsa ho bapala.Li-VOC ke lik'hemik'hale tse fetohang mouoane moeeng 'me li ka hema.Palo ea li-VOC papaling e lekantsoe ho netefatsa hore ha e fete moeli o lumelletsoeng.

Litlhoko tsa ho ngola tsa ASTM F963

ASTM F963 e kenyelletsa litlhoko tsa lileibole tsa temoso le litaelo tsa tšebeliso ho thusa ho netefatsa hore lintho tsa ho bapala li sebelisoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng.Litlhokahalo tsena li etselitsoe ho fa bareki leseli la bohlokoa mabapi le likotsi tse ka bang teng tse amanang le papali le mokhoa oa ho sebelisa papali eo ka polokeho.Tse ling tsa litlhoko tsa ho ngola tse kenyellelitsoeng ho maemo ke:

1. Lileibole tsa tlhokomeliso: Ho hlokahala mangolo a lemosang linthong tsa ho bapala tse ka bang kotsi ho bana.Lileibole tsena li tlameha ho hlahisoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng 'me li hlalose ka ho hlaka sebopeho sa kotsi le mokhoa oa ho e qoba.
2. Litaelo tsa tšebeliso: Litaelo tsa tšebeliso lia hlokahala ho lintho tsa ho bapala tse nang le likarolo tse ka kopanngoang kapa tsa qhaqhoa kapa tse nang le mesebetsi kapa likarolo tse ngata.Litaelo tsena li tlameha ho ngoloa ka ho hlaka le ka bokhuts'oane 'me li kenyelletse litemoso kapa litemoso leha e le life tse hlokahalang.
3. Ho hlopha lilemo: Lintho tsa ho bapala li tlameha ho ngoloa ka sehlopha sa lilemo ho thusa bareki ho khetha lintho tsa ho bapala tse loketseng lilemo tsa bana ba bona.Kereiti ya dilemo e tlameha ho itshetleha hodima bokgoni ba ho hola ba bana mme e behilwe ka ho hlaka hodima ntho ya ho bapala kapa sephutheloana sa yona.
4. Naha ea Tšimoloho: Naha eo thepa e tsoang ho eona e tlameha ho boleloa ka har'a letšoao lena.Sena se tlameha ho bontšoa ka har'a sephutheloana sa sehlahisoa.

Tse ling tsa Mekhoa e Kenyellelitsoeng Tlhahlobong ea Libapali Tse Bonolo:

1. Tlhahlobo ea Pele ho Tlhahiso:

Tlhahlobo ea pele ho tlhahisoke mohato oa bohlokoa tšebetsong ea tlhahlobo ea boleng, kaha e thusa ho tseba mathata a ka bang teng pele tšebetso ea tlhahiso e qala.Nakong ea tlhahlobo ea pele ho tlhahiso, litsebi tsa taolo ea boleng li hlahloba litokomane tsa tlhahiso tse kang litšoantšo tsa moralo le litlhaloso tsa thepa ho netefatsa hore li finyella litekanyetso le litlhoko tse hlokahalang.Ba boetse ba hlahloba lisebelisoa tse tala le likaroloana ho netefatsa hore li na le boleng bo lekaneng bo ka sebelisoang sehlahisoa sa ho qetela.Ho feta moo, ba netefatsa hore lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso le lits'ebetso li sebetsa hantle ebile li khona ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo holimo.

2. Tlhahlobo ea Marang-rang:

Tlhahlobo ea in-line e lekola ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ho netefatsa hore lihlahisoa tse felileng li fihlella litekanyetso le litlhaloso tse hlokahalang.Litsebi tsa taolo ea boleng li etsa tlhahlobo e sa reroang ea lihlahisoa tse felileng ho tseba le ho lokisa mathata ha a hlaha.Sena se thusa ho tšoara likoli esale pele ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso le ho li thibela ho fetisetsoa mokhahlelong oa ho qetela oa tlhahlobo.

3. Tlhahlobo ea ho Qetela:

Tlhahlobo ea ho qetela ke tlhahlobo e felletseng ea lihlahisoa tse felileng ho etsa bonnete ba hore li kopana le polokeho, lisebelisoa le maemo a ts'ebetso.Sena se kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea polokeho le ts'ebetso le ho hlahloba sephutheloana ho netefatsa hore ke sa boleng bo lekaneng mme se fana ka tšireletso e lekaneng bakeng sa toy e bonolo.

4. Liketso tse Lokisang:

Haeba mathata a bonoa nakong ea tlhahlobo ea boleng, ho bohlokoa ho kenya ts'ebetsong mehato ea ho lokisa ho lokisa le ho thibela hore a se ke a etsahala hape.Sena se ka 'na sa kenyelletsa ho tseba sesosa sa bothata le ho kenya ts'ebetsong mehato ea thibelo ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho ba le bokooa nakong e tlang.

5. Ho Boloka Litlaleho le Litokomane:

Ho boloka lirekoto ka nepo le litokomane ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahlobo ea boleng.Litsebi tsa taolo ea boleng li lokela ho boloka lirekoto tse kang litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo, le litlaleho tsa ketso ea tokiso ho latela tsoelopele eatlhahlobo ea bolengsebetsa le ho hlwaya ditlwaelo kapa dibaka tsa ntlafatso.

Tlhahlobo ea boleng ke mohato oa bohlokoa tšebetsong ea ho etsa lintho tsa ho bapala tse bonolo, kaha e netefatsa hore sehlahisoa sa ho qetela se kopana le polokeho, lisebelisoa le maemo a ts'ebetso.Ka ho kenya tšebetsong mokhoa o phethahetseng oa ho hlahloba boleng, bahlahisi ba ka hlahisa lintho tsa ho bapala tse bonolo tsa boleng bo holimo tse fihlelang litlhoko le litebello tsa bareki ba bona.